Imaging apparatus

ABSTRACT

In a case where a second operation is not performed even if a predetermined amount of time elapses after a first operation has been performed, a control unit drives a motor in a second direction, whereby a cam member is driven by biasing force of a biasing member and driving force of the motor until the charge of the biasing member is disengaged, the driving of the motor by the control unit is stopped, and the control unit drives the motor in the second direction based on the second operation, whereby the cam member is driven by the driving force of the motor, the engaging portion follows through a first zone, and thereafter the control unit drives the motor in the second direction, whereby the engaging member follows through the second zone.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

PTL 1 discloses a shutter device where two shutter-blades open and closean opening by a stepping motor rotationally driving a drive ring.

The shutter device disclosed in PTL 1 has formed an acceleration regionwhere rotating the drive ring does not cause the two shutter blades toopen and close the opening, and an exposure region where rotating thedrive ring causes the two shutter blades to open and close the opening.The shutter device disclosed in PTL 1 accelerates the stepping motor inthe acceleration region, and thereafter the two shutter blades open andclose the opening in the exposure region.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

PTL 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-56211

The present applicant has proposed a shutter device that charges abiasing member at the time of starting running operations of the shutterdevice, and uses the biasing force of the biasing member in theacceleration region, to raise the speed of the shutter blades in theexposure region.

However, when performing bulb exposure or long exposure, a state wherethe biasing member is kept charged has to be maintained for a long time,which increases electric power consumption of the imaging apparatus.

It is an aim of the present invention, in light of this point, to reduceelectric power consumption of the imaging apparatus.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

In order to solve the above scenarios, the imaging apparatus accordingto the present invention includes: a motor; a control unit to controldriving of the motor; a cam member on which a cam portion is formed, anddriven by the motor; a light-shielding member on which an engagingportion that engages the cam portion is formed, and is movable between aclosed state where an aperture is closed and an opened state where theaperture is opened in conjunction with the cam member being driven; anda biasing member to bias the cam member; and wherein an exposureoperation is started based on a first operation, and the light-shieldingmember is moved from the opened state to the closed state based on asecond operation performed after the first operation has been performed,wherein the cam portion is provided with a first zone where thelight-shielding member maintains the closed state or the opened stateeven if the cam member is driven by the motor, and a second zone wherethe light-shielding member moves from the closed state to the openedstate or from the opened state to the closed state if the cam member isdriven by the motor, wherein the first zone and the second zone areprovided to the cam portion such that, at the time of the cam memberbeing driven in one direction, the engaging portion follows through thefirst zone, and thereafter the engaging portion follows through thesecond zone, wherein the control unit drives the motor in the firstdirection based on the first operation, whereby the cam member chargesthe biasing member, and thereafter the control unit controls driving ofthe motor so as to stop the cam member in the state where the biasingmember is charged, wherein in a case where the second operation isperformed within a predetermined amount of time after the firstoperation has been performed, the control unit drives the motor in asecond direction that is the opposite direction to the first directionbased on the second operation, whereby the cam member is driven bybiasing force of the biasing member and driving force of the motor, theengaging portion follows through the first zone, and thereafter theengaging portion follows through the second zone by the control unitdriving the motor in the second direction, and wherein, in a case wherethe second operation is not performed even if a predetermined amount oftime elapses after the first operation has been performed, the controlunit drives the motor in the second direction, whereby the cam member isdriven by biasing force of the biasing member and driving force of themotor until the charge of the biasing member is disengaged, the drivingof the motor by the control unit is stopped, and the control unit drivesthe motor in the second direction based on the second operation, wherebythe cam member is driven by the driving force of the motor, the engagingportion follows through the first zone, and thereafter the control unitdrives the motor in the second direction, whereby the engaging memberfollows through the second zone.

Further features of the present invention will become apparent from thefollowing description of exemplary embodiments with reference to theattached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B are external views of a shutter unit.

FIG. 2 is a disassembled perspective view of the shutter unit as viewedfrom an imaging device side.

FIG. 3 is a disassembled perspective view of the shutter unit as viewedfrom a photography lens side.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams describing a cam gear.

FIG. 5 is a diagram describing a stepping motor.

FIGS. 6A through 6C are diagrams describing the shutter-unit in astopped state.

FIGS. 7A through 7C are diagrams describing the shutter unit in arunning standby state.

FIGS. 8A through 8C are diagrams describing the shutter unit in afree-running state.

FIGS. 9A. through 9C are diagrams describing the shutter-unit in a stateof having started running.

FIGS. 10A through 10C are diagrams describing the shutter unit in astate immediately before ending running.

FIGS. 11A through 11C are diagrams describing the shutter unit in astate immediately after ending running.

FIGS. 12A through 12C are diagrams describing the shutter unit in astate after having ended running.

FIG. 13 is a timing chart in a case where a live-view mode has beenselected.

FIG. 14 is a timing chart in a case where a quiet mirror driving modehas been selected.

FIG. 15 is a timing chart in a case where a high-speed mirror drivingmode has been selected.

FIG. 16 is a timing chart in a case where a bulb exposure mode isselected, and bulb exposure has been performed with an exposure time of30 seconds or less.

FIG. 17 is a timing chart in a case where a bulb exposure mode isselected, and bulb exposure has been performed with an exposure time ofexceeding 30 seconds.

FIG. 18 is a timing chart in a case where a long exposure mode isselected, and an exposure time exceeding 30 seconds has been set.

FIGS. 19A and 19B are tables for correcting operation characteristics ofthe shutter unit.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional diagram of a digital single-lens reflexcamera body and an interchangeable lens.

FIG. 21 is a functional block diagram for describing the configurationof the cross-sectional diagram of a digital single-lens reflex camerabody.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below withreference to FIGS. 1 through 21. Digital Single-Reflex Camera Body 101and Interchangeable Lens 2 01

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional diagram of a digital single-reflex camerabody 101 and an interchangeable lens 201 serving as an imaging apparatusto carry out the present invention.

In FIG. 20, the interchangeable lens 201 is detachably attached to thecamera body 101. The interchangeable lens 201 is mounted to the camerabody 101 by a camera-side mount portion 102 and aninterchangeable-lens-side mount portion 202 being joined. Upon theinterchangeable lens 201 being mounted to the camera body 101, a contactportion 103 of the camera body 101 and a contact portion 203 of theinterchangeable lens 201 are electrically connected. Electric power issupplied form the camera body 101 to the interchangeable lens 201 viathe contact portion 103 and contact portion 203. Communication is alsoperformed between the camera body 101 and the interchangeable lens 201via the contact portion 103 and contact, portion 203.

The interchangeable lens 201 has multiple photography lenses 204 and adiaphragm 205. A light flux that has passed through the photographylenses 204 is cast into a main mirror 106 of the camera body 101. Themain mirror 106 is a mirror that is capable of entering and beingretracted from the photography optical path. The main mirror 106 is ahalf mirror. The light flux reflected at the main mirror 106 is guidedto a viewfinder optical system 120.

On the other hand, the light flux that has passed through the mainmirror 106 is reflected downwards at a sub-mirror 105 and guided to afocal point detecting unit 121. The focal point detecting unit 121detects the amount of defocus, and computes the lens driving amount bywhich to move the focusing lenses included in the photography lenses204, so that a focused state is achieved. The computed lens drivingamount is transmitted to the interchangeable lens 201. Theinterchangeable lens 201 controls a motor based on the received lensdriving amount and moves the focusing lenses.

The main mirror 106 is held by a main mirror holding frame 107, and isaxially borne by a rotating shaft 106 b so as to be capable of turning.The sub-mirror 105 is held by a sub-mirror holding frame 109. Thesub-mirror holding frame 109 is axially borne by the main mirror holdingframe 107.

The viewfinder optical system 120 includes a focusing screen 110, apentaprism 111, and an ocular lens 112. The light flux reflected at themain mirror 106 casts an image of the subject on the focusing screen110. The user can observe the subject image on the focusing screen 110via the pentaprism 111 and ocular lens 112.

A shutter unit 100 is disposed behind the sub-mirror 105. The shutterunit 100 is a single-blade type focal plane shutter that travels from anopen state where an aperture is opened, to a closed state where theaperture is closed, at the time of ending an exposure action.

Behind the shutter unit 100 in FIG. 20 is disposed an optical low-passfilter 114. Behind the optical low-pass filter 114 is disposed animaging device 116 that is held by an imaging device holder 115 fixed tothe housing, and a cover member 117 that covers the imaging device 116.A rubber member 118 holds the optical low-pass filter 114 and also sealsoff between the optical low-pass filter 114 and the imaging device 116.The configuration is such that light that has passed through the opticallow-pass filter 114 is input to the imaging device 116.

In the present embodiment, the exposure operation of the imaging device116 is started by performing a reset scan (hereinafter referred to aselectronic first curtain run). After the imaging device 116 has startedthe electronic first curtain run, and after a time intervalcorresponding to a set shutter speed, the shutter unit 100 runs to aclose state where the aperture is closed.

FIG. 21 is a functional block diagram describing the configuration ofthe control system of the camera body 101.

An A/D conversion unit 150 convers analog image signals from the imagingdevice 116 into digital image data. The data output from the A/Dconversion unit 150 is written to image display memory 155 or memory 157via an image processing unit 154 and a memory control unit 152.

A timing generating circuit 151 supplies clock signals and controlsignals to the imaging device 116 and A/D conversion unit 150, and iscontrolled by the memory control unit 152 and a system control unit 153.

The memory control unit 152 controls the A/D conversion unit 150, thetiming generating circuit 151, the image processing unit 154, the imagedisplay memory 155, a display control unit 156, the memory 157, and acompression/decompression unit 158.

The system control unit 153 is configured of a microcomputer unitincluding a CPU, and controls the overall camera by executing programsstored in memory 166.

The image processing unit 154 performs predetermined image processingsuch as pixel interpolation processing, color conversion processing, andso forth, on image data from the A/D conversion unit 150 or the memorycontrol unit 152.

The memory 157 has a sufficient storage capacity for storing apredetermined amount of image data.

The compression/decompression unit 158 compresses and decompresses imagedata, read out from the memory 157, according to a predetermined imagecompression format (e.g., adaptive discrete cosine transform or thelike). The image data regarding which processing has ended is written tothe memory 157, and also recorded in a detachable recording medium 159configured using non-volatile memory such as flash memory or the like.

The compression/decompression unit 158 reads out image data in therecording medium 159 to the memory 157, and writes the image data to theimage display memory 155 via the image processing unit 154 and memorycontrol unit 152. The data written to the image display memory 155 isalso used in a case of display on an image display unit 160 by thedisplay control unit 156.

A mirror control unit 161 controls the operations of a mirror unitincluding the main mirror 106. A control circuit 312 controls operationsof the shutter unit 100 via a drive circuit 313. A diaphragm controlunit 163 controls the operations of the diaphragm 205. The focal pointdetecting unit 121 detects defocus amount, and computes the lens driveamount to move the focusing lenses included in the photography lenses204, so that a focused state is achieved. The computed lens drive amountis transmitted to the interchangeable lens 201.

The memory 166 stores constants, variables, programs, and so forth, forthe system control unit 153 to operate, and has recorded therein varioustypes of programs relating to processing that accompanies photography.

A power control unit 167 is configured of a power source detectingcircuit, a DC-DC converter, a switching circuit that switches circuitblocks to which power is to be supplied, and so forth. The power controlunit 167 performs detection of whether or not a power source unit hasbeen mounted, the type of power source, the remaining charge in abattery, and so forth, controls the DC-DC converter based on thedetection results and instructions from the system control unit 153, andsupplies electric power to various parts, as much voltage as necessaryfor as long as necessary.

A release button 168 is an operating member to instruct a recordingoperation of a still image. The release button 168 has a two-stageswitch structure. When the release button 168 is pressed to the firststage, a first switch (SW1) turns on. When the first switch turns on,photometry operations and focal point detection operations are executed.When the release button 168 is pressed to the second state, a secondswitch (SW2) turns on. When the second switch turns on, still imagerecording operations are started. The release button 168 is equivalentto an example of a signal output unit in the present invention.

A mode dial 169 can select an optical viewfinder mode and a live viewmode. When the optical viewfinder mode is selected, still imagerecording operations can be performed in a state of observing an opticalimage of the subject using the viewfinder optical system 120. On theother hand, when the live view mode is selected, still image recordingoperations can be performed in a state of observing a subject image onthe image display unit 160.

In a case where the optical viewfinder mode is selected, the mode dial169 can be used to select a high-speed mirror drive mode and a quietmirror drive mode. When the high-speed mirror drive mode is selected,the mirror unit including the main mirror 106 is driven at a high speed,thereby reducing release time lag. When the quiet mirror drive mode isselected, the mirror unit including the main mirror 106 is driven at alow speed, and the mirror drive sound can be made smaller. The live viewmode and high-speed mirror drive mode are equivalent to an example of afirst photography mode in the present invention. The quiet mirror drivemode is equivalent to an example of a second photography mode in thepresent invention.

The mode dial 169 can be used to select a bulb exposure mode and a longexposure mode. In a case where the bulb exposure mode is selected, therelease button 168 is pressed down far, the exposure operation starts atthe timing where the second switch (SW2) turns on, and the exposureoperation ends at the timing where the second switch (SW2) turns off.Note that an arrangement may be made where the exposure operation startsat a timing where the release button 168 is pressed down far and thesecond switch (SW2) turns on, and the exposure operation ends at atiming where the release button 168 is pressed down far again and thesecond switch (SW2) turns on. When the long exposure mode is selected,the exposure operation starts at a timing where the release button 168is pressed down far and the second switch (SW2) turns on, and exposureoperations are performed for an exposure time set by a settings dial170.

A temperature sensor 171 can detect the ambient temperature around theshutter unit 100. The temperature sensor 171 outputs the detectedtemperature information to the system control unit 153. The temperaturesensor 171 is disposed in the neighborhood of the shutter unit 100. Thetemperature sensor 171 detects the ambient temperature around theshutter unit 100 at a predetermined cycle, as long as the power of thecamera body 101 is on.

An orientation sensor 172 detects the direction of gravity acting on thecamera body 101. Based on the direction of gravity acting on the camerabody 101, the orientation sensor 172 can determine whether the camerabody 101 is in a normal position (horizontal position) or a verticalposition. The orientation sensor 172 outputs the determined orientationinformation to the system control unit 153. The orientation sensor 172detects the direction of gravity acting on the camera body 101 at apredetermined cycle, as long as the power of the camera body 101 is on.About the Shutter Unit 100

The shutter unit 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1Athrough 11C.

FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating the shutter unit 100 as viewed fromthe imaging device 116 side. FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating theshutter unit 100 as viewed from the photography lenses 204 side.

FIG. 2 is a disassembled perspective view of the shutter unit 100 asviewed from the imaging device 116 side. FIG. 3 is a disassembledperspective view of the shutter unit 100 as viewed from the photographylenses 204 side.

A cover plate 8 is fixed to the imaging device 116 side of a shutterbase plate 1 by screws 14. A blade unit serving as a light-shieldingmember is disposed between the shutter base plate 1 and the cover plate8. The blade unit has shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 that serve as blademembers, blade arms 2 and 3 that serve as connecting members, and adriving member 11.

An aperture 1 a is formed in the shutter base plate 1, and an aperture 8a is formed in the cover plate 8. The shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 arecapable of moving between a closed state where the apertures 1 a and 8 aare closed, and an opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a areopened. When the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are in the opened state, thephotography light flux passes through the apertures 1 a and 8 a of theshutter unit 100.

Shafts 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, and 1 e are erected on the imaging device 116 sideof the shutter base plate 1, as illustrated in FIG. 2. A hole 2 a and ahole 2 b are formed in the blade arm 2. The shaft 1 b is inserted intothe hole 2 a of the blade arm 2, whereby the blade arm 2 is axiallyborne by the shaft 1 b.

A hole 3 a, a hole 3 b, and a hole 3 c are formed in the blade arm 3.The shaft 1 d is inserted into the hole 3 a of the blade arm 3, wherebythe blade arm 3 is axially borne by the shaft 1 d. A balancer 9 isattached to the hole 3 c of the blade arm 3.

The tip of the blade arm 2 and the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are eachconnected by connecting shafts 7. The tip of the blade arm 3 and theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are each connected by connecting shafts 7.

A biasing spring 10 has a coil portion. The shaft 1 c is inserted intothe coil portion of the biasing spring 10. One end of the biasing spring10 engages the hole 3 b of the blade arm 3, and the other end of thebiasing spring 10 engages the shaft 1 d. The biasing spring 10 biasesthe blade arm 3 in the direction of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6opening the apertures 1 a and 8 a.

Formed in and on the driving member 11 a hole 11 a, light-shieldingpieces 11 b 1 and 11 b 2, a follower pin 11 c, a bearing 11 d, and adriving pin 11 e. The follower pin 11 c is equivalent to an example ofan engaging member in the present invention.

The shaft 1 b of the shutter base plate 1 is inserted into the hole 11 aof the driving member 11, whereby the driving member 11 is axially borneby the shaft 1 b. The driving pin 11 e is inserted into the hole 2 b ofthe blade arm 2, so the blade arm 2 and driving member 11 are integral.Accordingly, the blade arm 2 and the driving member 11 rotate with theshaft 1 b as the center of rotation.

The blade arm 2 rotates on the shaft 1 b and the blade arm 3 rotatescentered on the shaft 1 c, whereby the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 movebetween the closed state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are closed, andan opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are opened.

When the driving member 11 rotates with the shaft 1 b as the center ofrotation, the light-shielding piece 11 b 1 or light-shielding piece 11 b2 passes through a slit of a photointerrupter 22. This switches betweena shielded state where the photointerrupter 22 is shielded by thelight-shielding piece 11 b 1 or light-shielding piece 11 b 2, and aphotoreception state where the photointerrupter 22 is shielded byneither the light-shielding piece 11 b 1 nor the light-shielding piece11 b 2. The photointerrupter 22 can optically detect the position of thedriving member 11. The output of the photointerrupter 22 is input to thecontrol circuit (control unit) 312 of a stepping motor 19. Note that anL level signal is output when the photo interrupter 22 is in theshielded state, and an H level signal is output when thephotointerrupter 22 is in the photoreception state in the presentembodiment.

The driving member 11 rotates integrally with the blade arm 2 with theshaft 1 b as the center of rotation. Accordingly, when the shutterblades 4, 5, and 6 move between the closed state and the opened state,the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes between the L level and Hlevel.

The light-shielding piece 11 b 1 and 11 b 2 are configured such thatwhen the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are in the opened state, thephotointerrupter 22 outputs the L level, and when the shutter blades 4,5, and 6 are in the closed state, the photointerrupter 22 outputs the Hlevel.

A coil spring 12 is disposed on the imaging device 116 side of thedriving member 11, so that the bearing 11 d is inserted in the innercircumferential portion of the coil spring 12.

After attaching the coil spring 12 to the bearing 11 d, a cover member13 is fixed to the cover plate 8 by screws 14. A bearing 13 a is formedon the cover member 13. The cover member 13 is fixed to the cover plate8 so that the shaft 1 b is inserted into the bearing 13 a. Thus, thecoil spring 12 is compressed between the driving member 11 and the covermember 13, and the driving member 11 rotates in the optical axisdirection without any rattling.

A hole 23 a is formed in a blade tip rubber member 23. The shaft 1 e isinserted into the hole 23 a of the blade tip rubber member 23, therebyattaching the blade tip rubber member 23 to the shutter base plate 1. Atleast the tip of the shutter blade 4 comes into contact with the bladetip rubber member 23 when the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 close theapertures 1 a and 8 a so as to be in the closed state.

A shaft 1 f is erected on the photography lenses 204 side of the shutterbase plate 1, as illustrated in FIG. 3.

A cam gear 15 is axially borne by the shaft 1 f, as illustrated in FIGS.2 and 3. The cam gear 15 has formed thereupon a cam groove 15 a, a gearportion 15 b, a protrusion 15 c, a notch 15 d, and a cylindrical portion15 e. The cam gear 15 is equivalent to an example of a cam member in thepresent invention. The cam groove 15 a is equivalent to an example of acam portion in the present invention.

The protrusion 15 c is formed protruding from the base of the cam gear15 toward, a holder member 17 side, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The notch15 d is formed on both side faces of the protrusion 15 c. Thecylindrical portion 15 e is formed protruding toward the photographylenses 204 side. The shaft 1 f of the shutter base plate 1 is insertedinto the cylindrical portion 15 e, whereby the cam gear 15 is axiallyborne by the shaft 1 f. The gear portion 15 b is formed on the perimeterof the cylindrical portion 15 e.

The cam groove 15 a is formed on the side of the cam gear 15 toward theshutter base plate 1, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The follower pin 11 c ofthe driving member 11 engages the cam groove 15 a of the cam gear 15.Accordingly, the driving member 11 moves in conjunction with rotation ofthe cam gear 15. The cam groove 15 a has provided therein a firstelastic member 24 and a second elastic member 25.

A weight 16 is fixed by screws 14 on the base of the cam gear 15, at theholder member 17 side, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. The weight 16has a notch 16 a formed therein so that the protrusion 15 c is insertedinto the notch 16 a. The weight 16 is fixed to the base of the cam gear15 by screws 14. The weight 16 has a sufficiently large mass as comparedto the cam gear 15. The cam gear 15 functions as a flywheel by theweight 16 being fixed to the cam gear 15.

After the cam gear 15 to which the weight 16 has been fixed is axiallyborne by the shaft 1 f, the holder member 17 is fixed to the photographylenses 204 side of the shutter base plate 1 by screws 14, as illustratedin FIGS. 2 and 3.

The holder member 17 has formed therein and thereon a retaining portion17 a, a retaining portion 17 b, a hole 17 c, a bearing 17 d, an abuttingportion 17 e, and an opening 17 f, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.Fixing the holder member 17 to the photography lenses 204 of the shutterbase plate 1 inserts the shaft 1 f into the bearing 17 d. The cam gear15 and weight 16 are rotate held between the shutter base plate 1 andthe holder member 17.

A driving spring 18 is attached to the face of the holder member 17 inthe side toward the photography lenses 204, as illustrated in FIGS. 2and 3. The driving spring 18 has arms 18 a and 18 b and a coil 18 cformed. The driving spring 18 is attached to the holder member 17 suchthat the bearing 17 d is inserted into the coil 18 c, the arm 18 a isretained by the retaining portion 17 a, and the arm 18 b is retained bythe retaining portion 17 b. The driving spring 18 is equivalent to anexample of a biasing member in the present invention.

Fixing the holder member 17 to the shutter base plate 1 inserts theprotrusion 15 c of the cam gear 15 into the opening 17 f. Rotating thecam gear 15 moves the protrusion 15 c within the opening 17 f. When theprotrusion 15 c moves within the opening 17 f and the protrusion 15 cabuts against the arm 18 a of the driving spring 18, the arm 18 a of thedriving spring 18 engages the notch 15 d. In the same way, when theprotrusion 15 c abuts against the arm 18 b of the driving spring 18, thearm 18 b of the driving spring 18 engages the notch 15 d.

The stepping motor 19 is fixed by screws 14 to the photography lens 204side of the holder member 17 via an attaching plate 20, as illustratedin FIGS. 2 and 3. A pinion gear 21 is press-fit to the output shaft ofthe stepping motor 19. Fixing the stepping motor 19 to the holder member17 inserts the output shaft of the stepping motor 19 into the hole 17 c,and the pinion gear 21 meshes with the gear portion 15 b of the cam gear15. Accordingly, driving the stepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15.

When the cam gear 15 rotates, the follower pin 11 c of the drivingmember 11 follows through the cam groove 15 a and the driving member 11rotates. The driving member 11 is integrated, with the blade arm 2, sothe blade arm 2 rotates. The shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are capable ofparallel link motion by the blade arms 2 and 3. The shutter blades 4, 5,and 6 can move to the closed state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a areclosed and the opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are opened.

Regarding the Cam Gear 15

FIG. 4A is a plan view of the cam gear 15 to which the weight 16 hasbeen fixed, as viewed from the shutter base plate 1 side. FIG. 4B is aplan view of the cam gear 15 to which the weight 16 has been fixed, asviewed from the holder member 17 side.

Five zones, zone A through zone E, are formed in the cam groove 15 a, asillustrated in FIG. 4A. The cam groove 15 a has a recess 15 a-1, and camregions 15 a-2 through 15 a-6 formed therein. When the follower pin 11 cof the driving member 11 is situated in zone A of the cam groove 15 a,and the cam gear 15 rotates in one direction, the follower pin 11 cfollows through in the order of zone A to zone E.

The cam region 15 a-2 is formed in zone A of the cam groove 15 a. Thecam region 15 a-3 is formed in zone B of the cam groove 15 a. The camregion 15 a-4 is formed in zone C of the cam groove 15 a. The cam region15 a-5 is formed in zone D of the cam groove 15 a. The cam region 15 a-6is formed in zone E of the cam groove 15 a.

The recess 15 a-1 is formed between zone A and zone B where the shutterblades 4, 5, and 6 are in the opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8a are opened, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 enters therecess 15 a-1. By the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11entering the recess 15 a-1 when the shutter unit 100 is in a standbystate, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 is held betweenzone A and zone B of the cam groove 15 a in a stable manner.

When the cam gear 15 is rotated in the clock-wise direction from thestate of the follower pin 11 c having entered the recess 15 a-1 in FIG.4A, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes into contactwith the cam region 15 a-2 of the cam groove 15 a, and follows throughzone A of the cam groove 15 a. The cam region 15 a-2 is formed so thatthere is almost zero cam lift, so the driving member 11 hardly rotatesat all while the follower pin 11 c is following through zone A of thecam groove 15 a. Accordingly, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 maintainthe opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are opened while thefollower pin 11 c is following through zone A of the cam groove 15 a.

When the cam gear 15 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction fromthe state of the follower pin 11 c having entered the recess 15 a-1 inFIG. 4A, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes intocontact with the cam region 15 a-3 of the cam groove 15 a, and followsthrough zone B of the cam groove 15 a. The cam region 15 a-3 is formedso that there is almost zero cam lift, so the driving member 11 hardlyrotates at all while the follower pin 11 c is following through zone Bof the cam groove 15 a. Accordingly, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6maintain the opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are openedwhile the follower pin 11 c is following through zone B of the camgroove 15 a.

When the cam gear 15 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction fromthe state of the follower pin 11 c following through zone B of the camgroove 15 a, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes intocontact with the cam region 15 a-4 of the cam groove 15 a, and followsthrough zone C of the cam groove 15 a. When the follower pin 11 cfollows through zone C of the cam groove 15 a, the driving member 11rotates and the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 move from the opened statewhere the apertures 1 a and 8 a are opened to a state immediately beforeclosing the apertures 1 a and 8 a.

When the cam gear 15 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction fromthe state of the follower pin 11 c following through zone C of the camgroove 15 a, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes intocontact with the cam region 15 a-5 of the cam groove 15 a, and followsthrough zone D of the cam groove 15 a. When the follower pin 11 cfollows through zone D of the cam groove 15 a, the driving member 11further rotates, and the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 move to a statewhere the apertures 1 a and 8 a are completely closed.

When the cam gear 15 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction fromthe state of the follower pin 11 c following through zone D of the camgroove 15 a, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes intocontact with the cam region 15 a-6 of the cam groove 15 a, and followsthrough zone E of the cam groove 15 a. The cam region 15 a-6 is formedso that there is almost zero cam lift, so the driving member 11 hardlyrotates at all while the follower pin 11 c is following through zone Eof the cam groove 15 a. Accordingly, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6maintain the closed state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are completelyclosed while the follower pin 11 c is following through zone E of thecam groove 15 a.

The first elastic member 24 and second elastic member 25 are provided inzone E of the cam groove 15 a, as illustrated in FIG. 4A. Morespecifically, the width of the groove is formed larger in zone E of thecam groove 15 a. The first elastic member 24 is applied on the innerside of the zone E of the cam groove 15 a, and the second elastic member25 is applied on the outer side of the zone E of the cam groove 15 a.The width between the first elastic member 24 and the second elasticmember 25 is approximately the same as the width of the groove at otherplaces than the zone E of the cam groove 15 a as a result of havingprovided the first elastic member 24 and second elastic member 25 in thezone E of the cam groove 15 a.

When the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 go to the state of completelyclosing the apertures 1 a and 8 a, the tip of the shutter blade 4 comesinto contact with the blade tip rubber member 23, and the shutter blades4, 5, and 6 bounce. When the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 bounce, thefollower pin 11 c alternatingly collides with the first elastic member24 and second elastic member 25 in zone E of the cam groove 15 a. Thefirst elastic member 24 and second elastic member 25 are formed using amaterial having elasticity, so even if the follower pin 11 c collidesthe first elastic member 24 and second elastic member 25 can absorb theshock.

The protrusion 15 c is formed to protrude from the base of the cam gear15 toward the holder member 17 side, as illustrated in FIG. 4B. Thenotch 15 d is formed on both side faces of the protrusion 15 c. Thebearing 15 e is formed protruding toward the holder member 17 side. Thegear portion 15 b is formed on the perimeter of the cylindrical portion15 e.

The weight 16 is fixed on the base of the cam gear 15 toward the holdermember 17 side, as illustrated in FIG. 4B. The notch 16 a is formed inthe weight 16. The weight 16 is fixed by screws 14 to the base of thecam gear 15 toward the holder member 17 side, so that the protrusion 15c is inserted into the notch 16 a.

Regarding the Stepping Motor 19

FIG. 5 is a diagram describing the aforementioned stepping motor 19.Some of the parts are illustrated cut away, for description.

The stepping motor 19 is a stepping motor that is capable of stepdriving where the conduction state of the coil is switched according toset time intervals and driven (open-loop driving), and two types offeedback driving with different advance angles.

In a case of driving the stepping motor 19 in the step driving mode(open-loop driving mode), driving is performed where the conductionstate of the coil is switched in accordance with set time intervals.When driving the stepping motor 19 in the feedback driving mode, drivingis performed where the conduction state of the coil is switched inaccordance with output of a position sensor that detects the rotationalposition of the rotor.

A rotor 301 has a magnet 302, as illustrated in FIG. 5. The steppingmotor 19 is rotatably controlled by the control circuit (control unit)312 and drive circuit 313. The magnet 302 is formed having a cylindershape, the outer peripheral face being divided in the circumferentialdirection, so that opposite poles are formed in alternation. The magnet302 is divided into eight in the circumferential direction in thepresent embodiment, and eight magnetic poles are formed.

A first coil 303 is disposed at one end of the magnet 302 in the axialdirection.

A first yoke 305 is formed from a soft magnetic material. The first yoke305 has a plurality of first magnetic portions 305 a that face the outerperipheral face of the magnet 302 across a gap. The first magneticportions 305 a are subjected to excitation by electricity being suppliedto the first coil 303.

The first coil 303, the first yoke 305, and the magnet 302 facing themultiple first magnetic portions 305 a make up a first stator unit.

A second coil 304 is disposed at the other end of the magnet 302 in theaxial direction from the end to which the first coil 303 is attached.

A second yoke 306 is formed from a soft magnetic material. The secondyoke 306 has a plurality of second magnetic portions 306 a that face theouter peripheral face of the magnet 302 across a gap. The secondmagnetic portions 306 a are subjected to excitation by electricity beingsupplied to the second coil 304.

The second coil 304, the second yoke 306, and the magnet 302 facing themultiple second magnetic portions 306 a make up a second stator unit.

The rotor 301 can be rotated by switching the poles (N pole and S pole)that are excited by the first magnetic portions 305 a and secondmagnetic portions 306 a.

A first magnetism sensor (first detecting element) 307, a secondmagnetism sensor (second detecting element) 308, a third magnetismsensor (third detecting element) 309, and a fourth magnetism sensor(fourth detecting element) 310, make up a detecting unit. The magnetismsensors are each Hall elements that detect magnetic flux of the magnet302, and are fixed to a motor cover 311.

The motor cover 311 fixedly holds the first yoke 305 and the second yoke306 so that the first magnetic portions 305 a and the second magneticportions 306 a are disposed shifted generally 90 degrees in electricalangle as to the magnetizing phase of the magnet 302.

Note that the electrical angle here is one cycle of the magnetic forceof a magnet represented in the form of 360°, and the electrical angle θcan be expressed by the following Expression where the number of polesof the rotor is M and the mechanical angle is θ0.

θ=θ0×M/2

The number of magnetic poles of the magnet 302 is eight poles in thepresent embodiment, so 90 degrees in electrical angle is 22.5 degrees inmechanical angle.

The control circuit 312 can perform driving switching between stepdriving and two types of feedback driving having different advanceangles. When performing step driving, the control circuit 312 controlsthe drive circuit 313 so as to switch the conduction state of the firstcoil 303 and the second coil 304 at predetermined time intervals.

In a case of performing step driving, the outputs of the first magnetismsensor 307, second magnetism sensor 308, third magnetism sensor 309, andfourth magnetism sensor 310 are not used, regardless of the direction ofrotation of the stepping motor 19.

In a case of driving the stepping motor 19 in a first direction, andfeedback driving of which the advance angle is larger is to beperformed, the control circuit 312 controls the drive circuit 313 asfollows. The conduction state of the first coil 303 is switched by theoutput of the first magnetism sensor 307, and the conduction state ofthe second coil 304 is switched by the output of the second magnetismsensor 308.

In a case of driving the stepping motor 19 in the first direction, andfeedback driving of which the advance angle is larger is to beperformed, the control circuit 312 controls the drive circuit 313 asfollows. The conduction state of the first coil 303 is switched by theoutput of the third magnetism sensor 309, and the conduction state ofthe second coil 304 is switched by the output of the fourth magnetismsensor 310.

In a case of driving the stepping motor 19 in a second direction theopposite to the first direction, and feedback driving of which theadvance angle is smaller is to be performed, the control circuit 312controls the drive circuit 313 as follows. The conduction state of thefirst coil 303 is switched by the output of the third magnetism sensor309, and the conduction state of the second coil 304 is switched by theoutput of the fourth magnetism sensor 310.

In a case of driving the stepping motor 19 in the second direction, andfeedback driving of which the advance angle is larger is to beperformed, the control circuit 312 controls the drive circuit 313 asfollows. The conduction state of the first coil 303 is switched by theoutput of the first magnetism sensor 307, and the conduction state ofthe second coil 304 is switched by the output of the second magnetismsensor 308.

Operations of Shutter Unit 100

FIGS. 6A through 12C are diagrams for describing the operations of theshutter unit 100.

First, the running operations of the shutter unit 100 will be described.

FIGS. 6A through 6C are diagrams describing the shutter unit 100 in astopped state. FIG. 6A is a diagram of the shutter unit 100 as viewedfrom the imaging device 116 side. In FIG. 6A, the shutter base plate 1,cover plate 8, and cover member 13 are omitted from illustration. FIG.6B is a diagram of the shutter unit 100 as viewed from the photographylenses 204 side. In FIG. 6B, the shutter base plate 1, cover plate 8,and stepping motor 19 are omitted from illustration. FIG. 6C is adiagram describing the relationship of engaging between the follower pin11 c of the driving member 11 and the cam groove 15 a.

When the shutter unit 100 is in a stopped state, the shutter blades 4,5, and 6 are in the opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a areopened, as illustrated in FIG. 6A. The biasing spring 10 biases theblade arm 3 in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 6A. This biasingforce is transmitted to the blade arm 2 via the shutter blades 4, 5, and6, so the blade arm 2 also is biased in the counterclockwise directionin FIG. 6A. Accordingly, the driving member 11 also is biased in thecounterclockwise direction in FIG. 6A. Thus, the biasing force of thebiasing spring 10 presses the follower pin 11 c against the recess 15a-1. At this time, the light-shielding piece 11 b 1 is positioned withinthe slit of the photointerrupter 22, and the output of thephotointerrupter 22 is L level. The photointerrupter 22 outputs the Llevel when the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 have opened the apertures 1 aand 8 a, and outputs the H level when the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6have closed the apertures 1 a and 8 a.

When the shutter unit 100 is in a stopped state, the arm 18 a of thedriving spring 18 is retained at the retaining portion 17 a, and the arm18 b of the driving spring 18 is retained at the retaining portion 17 b,as illustrated in FIG. 6B. That is to say, the driving spring 18 is notcharged by the notch 15 d of the cam gear 15.

When the shutter unit 100 is in a stopped state, the follower pin 11 chas entered into the recess 15 a-1 as illustrated in FIG. 6C. Thebiasing force of the biasing spring 10 acts on the driving member 11 sothat the follower pin 11 c is pressed against the recess 15 a-1.Accordingly, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 can beheldbetween zone A and zone B of the cam groove 15 a in a stable manner,even without applying holding electricity to the stepping motor 19.

The control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the firstdirection by feedback driving of which the advance angle is smaller fromthe stopped state illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C, and rotates thecam gear 15 in the clockwise direction. Accordingly, the shutter unit100 goes from the stopped state illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to arunning standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C.

FIGS. 7A through 7C are diagrams describing the running standby state ofthe shutter unit 100. FIG. 7A is a diagram, of the shutter unit 100 asviewed from the imaging device 116 side. In FIG. 7A, the shutter baseplate 1, cover plate 8, and cover member 13 are omitted fromillustration. FIG. 7B is a diagram of the shutter unit 100 as viewedfrom the photography lenses 204 side. In FIG. 7B, the shutter base plate1, cover plate 8, and stepping motor 19 are omitted from illustration.FIG. 7C is a diagram describing the relationship of engaging between thefollower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 and the cam groove 15 a.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the running standby state, the followerpin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes into contact with the cam region15 a-2 of the cam groove 15 a, and follows through zone A of the camgroove 15 a, as illustrated in FIG. 7C. The cam region 15 a-2 is formedso that the cam lift is almost zero. When the shutter unit 100 goes fromthe stopped state to the running standby state, the driving member 11rotates slightly when the follower pin 11 c departs from the recess 15a-1. However, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 maintain the opened statewhere the apertures 1 a and 8 a are opened, as illustrated in FIG. 7A.When the shutter unit 100 is in the running standby state, the output ofthe photointerrupter 22 is also maintained at L level.

When the shutter unit 100 goes from the stopped state to the runningstandby state, the cam gear 15 rotates in the counterclockwisedirection, as illustrated in FIG. 7B. At this time, the protrusion 15 cof the cam gear 15 comes into contact with the arm 18 a of the drivingspring 18. The cam gear 15 rotates in the counterclockwise directionagainst the biasing force of the driving spring 18 until the protrusion15 c abuts the abutting portion 17 e of the holder member 17. When theprotrusion 15 c of the cam gear 15 comes into contact with the arm 18 aof the driving spring 18, the arm 18 a is held in a stable manner by oneside of the notch 15 d formed in both side faces of the protrusion 15 c.

After the running standby state of the shutter unit 100 illustrated inFIGS. 7A through 7C, the control circuit 312 controls the drive circuit313 so that the cam gear 15 is stopped in a state where the drivingspring 18 is charged. The drive circuit 313 applies holding electricityto the stepping motor 19 at this time.

The control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the seconddirection from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through7C by step driving, and rotates the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwisedirection. Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 goes from the runningstandby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C to the free-runningstate illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C. At this time, the seconddriving direction of the stepping motor 19 is the opposite direction asthe first driving direction of the stepping motor 19.

FIGS. 8A through 8C are diagrams describing the free-running state ofthe shutter unit 100. FIG. 8A is a diagram of the shutter unit 100 asviewed from the imaging device 116 side. In FIG. 8A, the shutter baseplate 1, cover plate 8, and cover member 13 are omitted fromillustration. FIG. 8B is a diagram of the shutter unit 100 as viewedfrom the photography lenses 204 side. In FIG. 8B, the shutter base plate1, cover plate 8, and stepping motor 19 are omitted from illustration.FIG. 8C is a diagram describing the relationship of engaging between thefollower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 and the cam groove 15 a.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the free-running state, the follower pin11 c of the driving member 11 comes into contact with the cam region 15a-3 of the cam groove 15 a, and follows through zone B of the cam groove15 a, as illustrated in FIG. 8C. The cam region 15 a-3 is formed so thatthe cam lift is almost zero. Accordingly, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6maintain the opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are opened, asillustrated in FIG. 8A. When the shutter unit 100 is in the free-runningstate, the output of the photointerrupter 22 is also maintained at Llevel.

When the shutter unit 100 goes from the running standby state to thefree-running state, the driving member 11 hardly rotates at all. Untilthe shutter unit 100 goes from the running standby state to thefree-running state, the cam gear 15 is rotated in the counterclockwisedirection by the combined force of the driving force of the steppingmotor 19 and the biasing force of the driving spring 18. When thefollower pin 11 c passes the recess 15 a-1, a large inertial force isacting on the follower pin 11 c. This inertial force is larger than theforce of the biasing spring 10 pressing the follower pin 11 c againstthe recess 15 a-1. Accordingly, when the shutter unit 100 goes from therunning standby state to the free-running state, the follower pin 11 cdoes not enter the recess 15 a-1.

After the arm 18 a of the driving spring 18 is retained by the retainingportion 17 a as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the cam gear 15 rotates in thecounterclockwise direction by driving force of the stepping motor 19.

The control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the seconddirection from the free-running state illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8Cby step driving, and rotates the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwisedirection. Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 goes from the free-runningstate illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C to a state of having startedrunning illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C.

FIGS. 9A through 9C are diagrams describing the state of having startedrunning of the shutter unit 100. FIG. 9A is a diagram of the shutterunit 100 as viewed from the imaging device 116 side. In FIG. 9A, theshutter base plate 1, cover plate 8, and cover member 13 are omittedfrom illustration. FIG. 9B is a diagram of the shutter unit 100 asviewed from the photography lenses 204 side. In FIG. 9B, the shutterbase plate 1, cover plate 8, and stepping motor 19 are omitted fromillustration. FIG. 9C is a diagram describing the relationship ofengaging between the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 and thecam groove 15 a.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the state of having started running, thefollower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes into contact with thecam region 15 a-4 of the cam groove 15 a, and follows through zone C ofthe cam groove 15 a, as illustrated in FIG. 9C. When, the follower pin11 c follows through zone C of the cam groove 15 a, the driving member11 rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. 9A, and the shutter blades4, 5, and 6 begin to close the apertures 1 a and 8 a.

When the driving member 11 begins to slightly rotate in the clockwisedirection in FIG. 9A from the state of having started runningillustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, the light-shielding piece 11 b 1departs from within the slit of the photointerrupter 22. At this time,the light-shielding piece 11 b 2 is not in the slit of thephotointerrupter 22 either, so the output of the photointerrupter 22changes from L to H. The output of the photointerrupter 22 changing fromL to H is equivalent to an example of output of a first detection signalin the present invention.

The control circuit 312 measures the elapsed time tp1 from switching tofeedback driving of which the advance angle is larger till the output ofthe photointerrupter 22 changes from L to H (FIGS. 13 through 18). Areference time tp1ref held in the control circuit 312 and the measuredelapsed time tp1 are compared. The reference time tp1ref is set at thetime of manufacturing the shutter unit 100.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the state of having started running, thearm 18 a of the driving spring 18 is retained at the retaining portion17 a, and the arm 18 b of the driving spring 18 retained at theretaining portion 17 b, as illustrated in FIG. 9B. In the state ofhaving started running, the cam gear 15 rotates in the counterclockwisedirection by the driving force of the stepping motor 19 alone.

The control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the seconddirection by feedback driving of which the advance angle is larger, fromthe state of having started running illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C,and rotates the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwise direction.Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 goes from the state of having startedrunning in FIGS. 9A through 9C to the state immediately before endingrunning illustrated in FIGS. 10A through 10C.

FIGS. 10A through 10C is a diagram describing the state immediatelybefore ending running of the shutter unit 100. FIG. 10A is a diagram ofthe shutter unit 100 as viewed from the imaging device 116 side. In FIG.10A, the shutter base plate 1, cover plate 8, and cover member 13 areomitted from illustration. FIG. 10B is a diagram of the shutter unit 100as viewed from the photography lenses 204 side. In FIG. 10B, the shutterbase plate 1, cover plate 8, and stepping motor 19 are omitted fromillustration. FIG. 10C is a diagram describing the relationship ofengaging between the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 and thecam groove 15 a.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately before ending running,the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes into contact withthe cam region 15 a-5 of the cam groove 15 a, and follows through zone Dof the cam groove 15 a, as illustrated in FIG. 10C. The cam region 15a-5 is formed to gradually reduce the rotational speed of the drivingmember 11.

The driving member 11 gradually decelerates when the follower pin 11 cfollows through zone D of the cam groove 15 a, even without the controlcircuit 312 decelerating the driving speed of the stepping motor 19.Accordingly, when the follower pin 11 c follows through zone D of thecam groove 15 a, the driving member 11 rotates with a reduced rotationspeed, and the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are in the state immediatelybefore closing the apertures 1 a and 8 a, as illustrated in FIG. 10A.

When the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are in the state immediately beforeclosing the apertures 1 a and 8 a, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 arebraked in the present embodiment, accordingly, the shutter blades 4, 5,and 6 are braked before the timing of the connecting shaft 7 passing theedge of the aperture 1 a. Generally, when timing of the connecting shaft7 passing the edge of the aperture 1 a and the timing of startingbraking coincide, trouble may occur where the connecting shaft 7 iscaught on the edge of the aperture 1 a. In the present embodiment, thetiming of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 being braked is before thetiming of the connecting shaft 7 passing the edge of the aperture 1 a,so the risk of such trouble can be avoided.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately before ending running,illustrated in FIGS. 10A through 10C, the light-shielding piece 11 b 2enters the slit of the photointerrupter 22 and the output of thephotointerrupter 22 changes from H to L. The output of thephotointerrupter 22 changing from H to L is equivalent to an example ofoutput of a second detection signal in the present invention.

The control circuit 312 measures the elapsed time tp2 from the output ofthe photointerrupter 22 changing from L to H till the output of thephotointerrupter 22 changes from H to L (see FIGS. 13 through 18). Theelapsed time tp2 is measured for each running operation of the shutterunit 100, and a reference time tp2ref held in the control circuit 312and the measured elapsed time tp2 are compared. The reference timetp2ref is set at the time of manufacturing the shutter unit 100.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately before endingrunning, the arm 18 a of the driving spring 18 is retained at theretaining portion 17 a, and the arm 18 b of the driving spring 18retained at the retaining portion 17 b, as illustrated in FIG. 10B. Inthe state immediately before ending running, the cam gear 15 rotates inthe counterclockwise direction by the driving force of the steppingmotor 19 alone.

The control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the seconddirection by feedback driving of which the advance angle is larger,continuing from the state of immediately before ending runningillustrated in FIGS. 10A through 10C, and rotates the cam gear 15 in thecounterclockwise direction. Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 goes fromthe state of immediately before ending running in FIGS. 10A through 10Cto the state immediately after ending running illustrated in FIGS. 11Athrough 11C.

FIGS. 11A through 11C are diagrams describing the state immediatelyafter ending running of the shutter unit 100. FIG. 11A is a diagram ofthe shutter unit 100 as viewed from the imaging device 116 side. In FIG.11A, the shutter base plate 1, cover plate 8, and cover member 13 areomitted from illustration. FIG. 11B is a diagram of the shutter unit 100as viewed from the photography lenses 204 side. In FIG. 11B, the shutterbase plate 1, cover plate 8, and stepping motor 19 are omitted fromillustration. FIG. 11C is a diagram describing the relationship ofengaging between the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 and thecam groove 15 a.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately after ending running,the tip of the shutter blade 4 comes into contact with the blade tiprubber member 23, as illustrated in FIG. 11A. At this time, thelight-shielding piece 11 b 2 departs from within the slit of thephotointerrupter 22, and the output of the photointerrupter 22 changesfrom L to H again. When shutter unit 100 is in the state immediatelyafter ending running illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, the output ofthe photointerrupter 22 is H.

When the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are in the opened state, thephotointerrupter 22 outputs L, and when the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6are in the closed state, outputs H.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately after ending runningas illustrated in FIG. 11C, the follower pin 11 c of the driving member11 comes into contact with the cam region 15 a-6 of the cam groove 15 a,and follows through zone E of the cam groove 15 a. The cam region 15 a-6is formed so that there is almost zero cam lift, so the driving member11 hardly rotates at all while the follower pin 11 c is followingthrough zone E of the cam groove 15 a.

The first elastic member 24 is applied on the inner side of the zone Eof the cam groove 15 a, and the second elastic member 25 is applied onthe outer side of the zone E of the cam groove 15 a, as illustrated inFIG. 11C. Accordingly, while the follower pin 11 c is following throughzone E of the cam groove 15 a, the follower pin 11 c is sandwichedbetween the first elastic member 24 and second elastic member 25.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately after endingrunning, the arm 18 a of the driving spring 18 is retained at theretaining portion 17 a, and the arm 18 b of the driving spring 18retained at the retaining portion 17 b, as illustrated in FIG. 11B. Inthe state immediately before ending running, the cam gear 15 rotates inthe counterclockwise direction by the driving force of the steppingmotor 19 alone.

The control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the firstdirection from the state immediately after ending running illustrated inFIGS. 11A through 11C. Driving the stepping motor 19 in the firstdirection rotates the cam gear 15 in the clockwise direction, but theinertial force to rotate the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwisedirection is large, so the cam gear 15 rotates in the counterclockwisedirection while being gradually decelerated.

Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 goes from the state immediately afterending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, to the state afterhaving ended running, illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C.

FIGS. 12A through 12C are diagrams describing the state after havingended running of the shutter unit 100. FIG. 12A is a diagram of theshutter unit 100 as viewed from the imaging device 116 side. In FIG.12A, the shutter base plate 1, cover plate 8, and cover member 13 areomitted from illustration. FIG. 12B is a diagram of the shutter unit 100as viewed from the photography lenses 204 side. In FIG. 12B, the shutterbase plate 1, cover plate 8, and stepping motor 19 are omitted fromillustration. FIG. 12C is a diagram describing the relationship ofengaging between the follower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 and thecam groove 15 a.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state after having ended running, thefollower pin 11 c of the driving member 11 comes into contact with thecam region 15 a-6 of the cam groove 15 a, and follows through zone E ofthe cam groove 15 a, as illustrated, in FIG. 12C.

As illustrated in FIG. 12A, the tip of the shutter blade 4 comes intocontact with the blade tip rubber member 23, and the shutter blades 4,5, and 6 bounce. When the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 bounce, thefollower pin 11 c alternatingly collides with the first elastic member24 and second elastic member 25 in zone E of the cam groove 15 a, asillustrated in FIG. 12C. The first elastic member 24 and second elasticmember 25 are formed using a material having elasticity, so even if thefollower pin 11 c collides the first elastic member 24 and secondelastic member 25 can absorb the shock. Thus, the bouncing of theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 in the state after having ended running isreduced.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state after having ended running, thearm 18 a of the driving spring 18 is retained at the retaining portion17 a, and the arm 18 b of the driving spring 18 is retained at theretaining portion 17 b, as illustrated in FIG. 12B. That is to say, thedriving spring 18 is not charged by the notch 15 d of the cam gear 15.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state after having ended running asillustrated in FIG. 12A, the output of the photointerrupter 22 maintainsthe H level. That is to say, when the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 are inthe closed state, the photointerrupter 22 continues to output the Hlevel.

When shutter unit 100 is in the state after having ended runningillustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C, the control circuit 312 controlsthe drive circuit 313 and stops the stepping motor 19.

Even when shutter unit 100 is in the state after having ended running,the follower pin 11 c is situated around the middle of zone E OF THE camgroove 15 a, as illustrated in FIG. 12C. It is conceivable that the camgear 15 may rotate in the counterclockwise direction from the stateafter having ended running due to inertial force after having stoppedthe stepping motor 19. In this case, the protrusion 15 c of the cam gear15 comes into contact with the arm 18 b of the driving spring 18 asillustrated in FIG. 12B, so the counterclockwise rotation of the camgear 15 can be stopped using the biasing force of the driving spring 18.

Next, returning operations of the shutter unit 100 will be described.

In the returning operations of the shutter unit 100, the state afterhaving ended running illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C is returned tothe stopped state illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C, by driving thestepping motor 19 in the opposite direction from the running operations.

The control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the firstdirection from the state after having ended running illustrated in FIGS.12A through 12C to the state immediately after ending runningillustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11 c by step driving, and rotates thecam gear 15 in the clockwise direction.

Thereafter, the control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in thefirst direction from the state immediately after ending runningillustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C to the state of having startedrunning illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C by feedback driving of whichthe advance angle is larger, and rotates the cam gear 15 in theclockwise direction.

At this time, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 move from the closed stateto the opened state. The output of the photointerrupter 22 changes fromH to L, and subsequently changes from L to H, and further changes from Hto L.

In the returning operations of the shutter unit 100, when the steppingmotor 19 is driving in the first direction by feedback driving of whichthe advance angle is larger, The control circuit 312 starts decelerationof the stepping motor 19. Specifically, when the stepping motor 19 isdriving in the first direction by feedback driving of which the advanceangle is larger, The driving direction of the stepping motor 19 isreversed at the timing of the output of the photointerrupter 22 goingfrom H to L the second time. That is to say, when the output of thephotointerrupter 22 changes form H to L the second time, the controlcircuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the second direction byfeedback driving of which the advance angle is larger. Driving thestepping motor 19 in the second direction means that the cam gear 15 isrotated in the counterclockwise direction, but the inertial force ofrotating the cam gear 15 in the clockwise direction is large, so the camgear 15 rotates in the clockwise direction as it is graduallydecelerated.

In the present embodiment, the speed of the follower pin 11 c slidingthrough the cam region 15 a-5 of the cam groove 15 a is reduced. Thisenables wear to be reduced in the cam region 15 a-5 that affects therunning precision.

Thereafter, the control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in thefirst direction by step driving while decelerating and rotates the camgear 15 in the clockwise direction, from the state of having startedrunning, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the stopped stateillustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C.

In the returning operations of the shutter unit 100, the stepping motor19 is driven in the first direction from the state of having startedrunning, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, by step driving, and whenthe follower pin 11 c enters the recess 15 a-1, control is performed tostop the stepping motor 19. That is to say, in the returning operationsof the shutter unit 100, the running standby state illustrated in FIGS.7A through 7C does not occur.

The shutter unit 100 is returned to the stopped state illustrated inFIGS. 6A through 6C by these returning operations.

Still Image Recording Operations of Camera Body 101

FIGS. 13 through 18 are timing charts for describing still imagerecording operations of the camera body 101.

FIG. 13 is a timing chart illustrating still image recording operationsin a case where a live-view mode has been selected by the mode dial 169.

Upon the live-view mode having been selected by the mode dial 169, thesystem control unit 153 controls the mirror control unit 161 to bringthe mirror unit, that was in a mirror-down state, to a mirror-up state.Subsequently, the system control unit 153 causes the imaging device 116to start sequential readout operations, and performs sequential displayof subject images on the image display unit 160.

At timing A1 in FIG. 13, when the release button 168 is lightly pressedand the first switch (SW1) turns on, the system, control unit 153controls the control circuit 312. The control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the first direction by feedback driving of whichthe advance angle is smaller via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, thestepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in the clockwise direction,and the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the stopped stateillustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the running standby state illustrated inFIGS. 7A through 7C, at timing B1 in FIG. 13 the control circuit 312applies holding electricity to the stepping motor 19 via the drivecircuit 313. Accordingly, the cam gear 15 can be stopped in a state withthe driving spring 18 charged.

When the release button 168 is pressed deeply and the second switch(SW2) turns on, the charges of the entire face of the imaging device 116are reset. Thereafter, the imaging device 116 starts the electronicfirst curtain run from the timing D1 in FIG. 13, where charges areaccumulated one line at a time.

When the set exposure time elapses from starting of the electronic firstcurtain run, at timing C1 in FIG. 13 the control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the second direction by step driving via the drivecircuit 313. Accordingly, the stepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15in the counterclockwise direction, and the shutter unit 100 is made tooperate from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through7C to the free-running state illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C.

During the time from the shutter unit 100 going from the running standbystate illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C to the free-running stateillustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C, the cam gear 15 rotates in thecounterclockwise direction due to the combined force of the drivingforce of the stepping motor 19 and the biasing force of the drivingspring 18.

Step driving of the stepping motor 19 is performed until the shutterunit 100 goes to the state of having started running, illustrated inFIGS. 9A through 9C. During the time from the shutter unit 100 goingfrom the free-running state illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C to thestate of having started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, thecam gear 15 rotates in the counterclockwise direction by the drivingforce of the stepping motor 19. The shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 maintainthe opened state where the apertures 1 a and 8 a are opened, untilimmediate prior to the state of having started running, illustrated inFIGS. 9A through 9C.

The stepping motor 19 is driven in the second direction by step drivingby a predetermined number of driving pulses from the timing C1 in FIG.13. Thereafter, at timing E1 in FIG. 13, the control circuit 312 drivesthe stepping motor 19 in the second direction by feedback driving ofwhich the advance angle is larger, via the drive circuit 313.

Accordingly, the stepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in thecounterclockwise direction, and the shutter unit 100 is made to operatefrom the state of having started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9Athrough 9C, to the state immediately before ending running, illustratedin FIGS. 10A through 10C. The shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 begin to closethe apertures 1 a and 8 a from the state of having started runningillustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, and the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6are in a state of immediately prior to closing the apertures 1 a and 8 aat the state immediately before ending running illustrated in FIGS. 10Athrough 10C.

When the cam gear 15 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction afterthe shutter unit 100 going to the state of having started running,illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, the output of the photointerrupter22 goes from L to H. The output of the photointerrupter 22 is input tothe control circuit 312 of the stepping motor 19.

The control circuit 312 obtains the elapsed time tp1 (see FIG. 13) fromhaving switched to the feedback driving of which the advance angle islarger till the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes from L to H.

The elapsed time tp1 of the shutter unit 100 is measured for eachrunning operation in the present embodiment, regardless of the mode thathas been set, and the measured elapsed time tp1 is compared with thereference time tp1ref held at the control circuit 312. The referencetime tp1ref is set at the time of manufacturing the shutter unit 100.The timing C1 in FIG. 13 is adjusted based on the difference between themeasured elapsed time tp1 and the reference time tp1ref. The timing C1in FIG. 13 is equivalent to an example of a driving start timing in thepresent invention.

The time T illustrated in FIG. 13 is the time from the stepping motor 19starting to drive in the second direction by step driving till theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 start to close the apertures 1 a 8 a. Thetime T is set at the time of manufacturing the shutter unit 100, but maychange due to reasons such as wear of the cam groove 15 a afterprolonged use, or the like. In the present embodiment, the timing C1 inFIG. 13 is adjusted in the next running operation, based on thedifference between the elapsed time tp1 and the reference time tp1ref.Accordingly, change in the time T can be corrected. For example, in acase where the measured elapsed time tp1 is 2 ms longer than thereference time tp1ref, adjustment is performed in the next runningoperation to make the timing C1 in FIG. 13 2 ms earlier.

Thereafter, when the shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately beforeending running, illustrated in FIGS. 10A through 10C, the output of thephotointerrupter 22 changes from H to L at a timing F1 in FIG. 13.

The control circuit 312 obtains the elapsed time tp2 (see FIG. 13) fromthe output of the photointerrupter 22 changing from L to H, till theoutput of the photointerrupter 22 changes from H to L.

The elapsed time tp2 of the shutter unit 100 is measured for eachrunning operation in the present embodiment, regardless of the mode thathas been set, and the measured elapsed time tp2 is compared with thereference time tp2ref held at the control circuit 312. The referencetime tp2ref is set at the time of manufacturing the shutter unit 100.The driving speed of the stepping motor 19 from timing E1 to timing G1in FIG. 13 is adjusted based on the difference between the measuredelapsed time tp2 and the reference time tp2ref.

The driving speed of the stepping motor 19 from timing E1 to timing G1in FIG. 13 is set at the time of manufacturing the shutter unit 100, butmay change due to reasons such as wear of the cam groove 15 a afterprolonged use, or the like. In the present embodiment, the driving pulsefrequency for the stepping motor 19 from timing E1 to timing G1 in FIG.13 is adjusted in the next running operation, based on the differencebetween the measured elapsed time tp2 and the reference time tp2ref.Accordingly, the driving speed of the stepping motor 19 from timing E1to timing G1 in FIG. 13 can be corrected. For example, in a case wherethe measured elapsed time tp2 is 2 ms longer than the reference timetp2ref, adjustment is performed in the next running operation to raisethe driving pulse frequency for the stepping motor 19 from timing E1 totiming G1 in FIG. 13. Accordingly, the driving speed of the steppingmotor 19 is raised.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the second direction by feedbackdriving of which the advance angle is larger, by a predetermined numberof pulses from the timing E1 in FIG. 13, the shutter unit 100 is in thestate immediately after ending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through11C. When the shutter unit 100 goes to the state immediately afterending running, the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes from L toH.

When the shutter unit 100 goes to the state immediately after endingrunning, at timing G1 in FIG. 13 the control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the first direction by step driving via the drivecircuit 313. Driving the stepping motor 19 in the first direction meansthat the cam gear 15 is rotated in the clock-wise direction, but theinertial force of rotating the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwisedirection is large, so the cam gear 15 rotates in the counterclockwisedirection as it is gradually decelerated. The control circuit 312causing reverse driving of the stepping motor 19 in this way isequivalent to an example of deceleration control in the presentinvention.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the first direction by stepdriving, by a predetermined number of driving pulses from the timing G1in FIG. 13, the shutter unit 100 is in the state after having endedrunning, illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C. When the stepping motor19 is driven in the first direction by step driving, by a predeterminednumber of driving pulses from the timing G1 in FIG. 13, at timing H1 inFIG. 13 the control circuit 312 controls the drive circuit 313 and stopsthe stepping motor 19.

At timing I1 in FIG. 13, the control circuit 312 drives the steppingmotor 19 in the first direction by step driving via the drive circuit313. Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the stateafter having ended running, illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C to thestate immediately after ending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through11C.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the first direction by stepdriving, by a predetermined number of driving pulses from the timing I1in FIG. 13, the shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately afterending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C. At timing J1 inFIG. 13, the control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in thefirst direction by the feedback driving of which the advance angle islarger, via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 ismade to operate from the state immediately after ending running,illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, to the state of having startedrunning, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C. At timing J1 in FIG. 13,the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes from H to L, and at timingK1 in FIG. 13, the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes from L toH.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the first direction by feedbackdriving of which the advance angle is larger, by a predetermined numberof driving pulses from the timing J1 in FIG. 13, the shutter unit 100 isin the state of having started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through9C. At timing L1 in FIG. 13, the control circuit 312 drives the steppingmotor 19 in the first direction by step driving, via the drive circuit313, and at timing M1 in FIG. 13 controls the stepping motor 19 to stop.Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the state ofhaving started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to thestopped state illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C. In the returningoperations of the shutter unit 100, the stepping motor 19 is controlledto stop when the follower pin 11 c is in a state of entering the recess15 a-1, without charging the driving spring 18.

Thus, in a case where the live view mode has been selected, the shutterunit 100 is controlled to operate from the stopped state illustrated inFIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7Athrough 7C at the timing of the first switch (SW1) turning on. At thetiming of second switch (SW2) turning on, the driving spring 18 isalready charged, so the release time lag can be reduced by the amount oftime necessary to charge the driving spring 18.

FIG. 14 is a timing chart illustrating still image recording operationsin a case where an optical viewfinder mode has been selected by the modedial 169, and where a quiet mirror driving mode has also been selected.

Upon the mode being changed by the mode dial 169 from the live-view modeto the optical viewfinder mode, the system control unit 153 endssequential readout operations of the imaging device 116. Thereafter, thesystem control unit 153 controls the mirror control unit 161 bring themirror unit, that was in the mirror-up state, to the mirror-down state.

At timing A2 in FIG. 14, when the release button 168 is deeply pressedand the second switch (SW2) turns on, the system control unit 153controls the control circuit 312. The control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the first direction by feedback driving of whichthe advance angle is smaller via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, thestepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in the clockwise direction,and the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from, the stopped stateillustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the running standby state illustrated inFIGS. 7A through 7C, at timing B2 in FIG. 14 the control circuit 312applies holding electricity to the stepping motor 19 via the drivecircuit 313. Accordingly, the cam gear 15 can be stopped in a state withthe driving spring 18 charged. At this time, the system control unit 153controls the mirror control unit 161 to bring the bring the mirror unit,that was in the mirror-down state, to the mirror-up state.

When the second switch (SW2) turns on, the charges of the entire face ofthe imaging device 116 are reset at timing A2 in FIG. 14. Thereafter,the imaging device 116 starts the electronic first curtain run from thetiming D2 in FIG. 14, where charges are accumulated one line at a time.

When the set exposure time elapses from starting of the electronic firstcurtain run, at timing C2 in FIG. 14 the control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the second, direction by step driving, via thedrive circuit 313. Accordingly, the stepping motor 19 rotates the camgear 15 in the counterclockwise direction, and the shutter unit 100 ismade to operate from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7Athrough 7C to the free-running state illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C.

The stepping motor 19 is driven in the second direction by step drivingby a predetermined number of driving pulses from the timing C2 in FIG.14. Thereafter, at timing E2 in FIG. 14, the control circuit 312 drivesthe stepping motor 19 in the second direction by feedback driving ofwhich the advance angle is larger, via the drive circuit 313.

Accordingly, the stepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in thecounterclockwise direction, and the shutter unit 100 is made to operatefrom immediately before the state of having started running, illustratedin FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the state immediately before ending running,illustrated in FIGS. 10A through 10C. The shutter blades 4, 5, and 6begin to close the apertures 1 a and 8 a from the state of havingstarted running illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, and the shutterblades 4, 5, and 6 are in a state of immediately prior to closing theapertures 1 a and 8 a at the state immediately before ending runningillustrated in FIGS. 10A through 10C.

In a case where the quiet mirror driving mode has been selected, thedriving pulse frequency for driving the stepping motor 19 from the stateof having started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to thestate immediately after ending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through11C, is set lower than a case where the high-speed mirror driving modehas been selected. Accordingly, the speed of the shutter blades 4, 5,and 6 closing the apertures 1 a and 8 a is lower, and the operatingsound of the shutter unit 100 can be made to be smaller.

When the cam gear 15 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction afterthe shutter unit 100 going to the state of having started running,illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, the output of the photointerrupter22 changes from L to H. The output of the photointerrupter 22 is inputto the control circuit 312 of the stepping motor 19.

The control circuit 312 obtains the elapsed time tp1 (see FIG. 14) fromhaving switched to the feedback driving of which the advance angle islarger till the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes from L to H.The timing C1 in FIG. 14 is adjusted based on the difference between themeasured elapsed time tp1 and the reference time tp1ref. The detailedadjustment method is as described above.

Thereafter, when the shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately beforeending running, illustrated in FIGS. 10A through 10C, the output of thephotointerrupter 22 changes from H to L at timing F2 in FIG. 14.

The control circuit 312 obtains the elapsed time tp2 (see FIG. 14) fromthe output of the photointerrupter 22 changing from L to H, till theoutput of the photointerrupter 22 changes from H to L. The driving speedof the stepping motor 19 from timing E2 to timing G2 in FIG. 14 isadjusted based on the difference between the measured elapsed time tp2and the reference time tp2ref.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the second direction by feedbackdriving of which the advance angle is larger, by a predetermined numberof driving pulses from the timing E2 in FIG. 14, the shutter unit 100 isin the state immediately after ending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11Athrough 11C. When the shutter unit 100 goes to the state immediatelyafter ending running, the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes fromL to H.

When the shutter unit 100 goes to the state immediately after endingrunning, at timing G2 in FIG. 14 the control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the first direction by step driving via the drivecircuit 313. Driving the stepping motor 19 in the first direction meansthat the cam gear 15 is rotated in the clockwise direction, but theinertial force of rotating the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwisedirection is large, so the cam gear 15 rotates in the counterclockwisedirection as it is gradually decelerated.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the first direction by stepdriving, by a predetermined number of driving pulses from the timing G2in FIG. 14, the shutter unit 100 is in the state after having endedrunning, illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C. When the stepping motor19 is driven in the first direction by step driving, by a predeterminednumber of driving pulses from, the timing G2 in FIG. 14, at timing H2 inFIG. 14 the control circuit 312 controls the drive circuit 313 and stopsthe stepping motor 19. At this time, the system, control unit 153controls the mirror control unit 161 to bring the mirror unit, in themirror-up state, to the mirror-down state.

At timing 12 in FIG. 14, the control circuit 312 drives the steppingmotor 19 in the first direction by step driving via the drive circuit313. Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the stateafter having ended running, illustrated in FIGS. 12A through 12C to thestate immediately after ending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through11C.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the first direction by stepdriving, by a predetermined number of driving pulses from the timing I2in FIG. 14, the shutter unit 100 is in the state immediately afterending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C. At timing J2 inFIG. 14, the control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in thefirst direction by the feedback driving of which the advance angle islarger, via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 ismade to operate from the state immediately after ending running,illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, to the state of having startedrunning, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C. At timing J2 in FIG. 14,the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes from H to L, and at timingK2 in FIG. 14, the output of the photointerrupter 22 changes from L toH.

When the stepping motor 19 is driven in the first direction by feedbackdriving of which the advance angle is larger, by a predetermined numberof driving pulses from the timing J2 in FIG. 14, the shutter unit 100 isin the state of having started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through9C. At timing L2 in FIG. 14, the control circuit 312 drives the steppingmotor 19 in the first direction by step driving via the drive circuit313, and at timing M2 in FIG. 14 controls the stepping motor 19 to stop.Accordingly, the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the state ofhaving started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to thestopped state illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C. In the returningoperations of the shutter unit 100, the stepping motor 19 is controlledto stop when the follower pin 11 c is in a state of entering the recess15 a-1, without charging the driving spring 18.

Thus, in a case where the quiet mirror driving mode has been selected,the shutter unit 100 is controlled to operate from the stopped stateillustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C at the timing of the second switch(SW2) turning on. The driving spring 18 is charged after the secondswitch (SW2) turns on, so the release time lag is longer by the amountof time necessary to charge the driving spring 18. However, the amountof time of applying holding electricity to the stepping motor 19 in thestate of the driving spring 18 being charged can be reduced, so theelectric power consumption of the camera body 101 can be reduced.

FIG. 15 is a timing chart illustrating still image recording operationsin a case where an optical viewfinder mode has been selected by the modedial 169, and where a high-speed mirror driving mode has also beenselected.

Upon the mode being changed by the mode dial 169 from the live-view modeto the optical viewfinder mode, the system control unit 153 endssequential readout operations of the imaging device 116. Thereafter, thesystem control unit 153 controls the mirror control unit 161 bring themirror unit, that was in the mirror-up state, to the mirror-down state.

At timing A3 in FIG. 15, when the release button 168 is lightly pressedand the first switch (SW1) turns on, the system control unit 153controls the control circuit 312. The control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the first direction by feedback driving of whichthe advance angle is smaller via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, thestepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in the clockwise direction,and the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the stopped stateillustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the running standby state illustrated inFIGS. 7A through 7C, at timing B3 in FIG. 15 the control circuit 312applies holding electricity to the stepping motor 19 via the drivecircuit 313. Accordingly, the cam gear 15 can be stopped in a state withthe driving spring 18 charged.

When the release button 168 is deeply pressed and the second switch(SW2) turns on, the charges of the entire face of the imaging device 116are reset. Thereafter, the imaging device 116 starts the electronicfirst curtain run from the timing D3 in FIG. 15, where charges areaccumulated one line at a time. When the second switch (SW2) turns on,the system control unit 153 controls the mirror control unit 161 tobring the mirror unit, in the mirror-down state, to the mirror-up state.

The operations at timing C3 through timing M3 in FIG. 15 are the same asthe operations at timing C2 through timing M2 in FIG. 14, so descriptionwill be omitted.

Thus, in a case where the high-speed mirror driving mode has beenselected, the shutter unit 100 is controlled to operate from the stoppedstate illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C at the timing of the first switch(SW1) turning on. At the timing of second switch (SW2) turning on, thedriving spring 18 is already charged, so the release time lag can bereduced by the amount of time necessary to charge the driving spring 18.

FIG. 16 is a timing chart illustrating still image recording operationsin a case where bulb exposure mode has been selected by the mode dial169. FIG. 16 illustrates an example of bulb exposure operations in theoptical viewfinder mode, regarding bulb exposure where the exposure timeis 30 seconds or shorter.

At timing A4 in FIG. 16, when the release button 168 is deeply pressedand the second switch (SW2) turns on, the system control unit 153controls the control circuit 312. The control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the first direction by feedback driving of whichthe advance angle is smaller via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, thestepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in the clockwise direction,and the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the stopped stateillustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the running standby state illustrated inFIGS. 7A through 7C, at timing B4 in FIG. 16 the control circuit 312applies holding electricity to the stepping motor 19 via the drivecircuit 313. Accordingly, the cam gear 15 can be stopped in a state withthe driving spring 18 charged. At this time, the system control unit 153controls the mirror control unit 161 to bring the mirror unit, that wasin the mirror-down state, to the mirror-upstate.

When the second switch (SW2) turns on, the charges of the entire face ofthe imaging device 116 are reset at timing A4 in FIG. 16. Thereafter,the imaging device 116 starts the electronic first curtain run from thetiming D4 in FIG. 16, where charges are accumulated one line at a time.

The system, control unit 153 measures the time elapsed after the secondswitch (SW2) turns on, and determines whether or not the elapsed timehas exceeded a predetermined amount of time after the second switch(SW2) has turned on. The predetermined time here is set so that the bulbexposure time is 30 seconds. The predetermined time is set based on theexposure time, and the amount of time necessary for operations of theshutter unit 100 and imaging device 116. In a case where determinationis made that the elapsed time has exceeded a predetermined amount oftime after the second switch (SW2) has turned on, the bulb exposure timeexceeds 30 seconds.

In a case where the second switch (SW2) turns off within a predeterminedamount of time of elapsed time after the second switch (SW2) has turnedon, at timing C4 in FIG. 16 the control circuit 312 drives the steppingmotor 19 in the second direction by step driving, via the drive circuit313. That is to say, in a case where the second switch (SW2) turns offat a time where the bulb exposure time is 30 seconds or shorter, attiming C4 in FIG. 16 the control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor19 in the second direction by step driving. Accordingly, the steppingmotor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwise direction, andthe shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C to the free-running state illustratedin FIGS. 8A through 8C.

The operations at timing C4 through timing M4 in FIG. 16 are the same asthe operations at timing C2 through timing M2 in FIG. 14, so descriptionwill be omitted.

As described above, when performing bulb exposure where the exposuretime is 30 seconds or shorter, the drive circuit 313 continues to applyholding electricity to the stepping motor 19 until the second switch(SW2) turns off.

FIG. 17 is a timing chart illustrating still image recording operationsin a case where bulb exposure mode has been selected by the mode dial169. FIG. 17 illustrates an example of bulb exposure operations in theoptical viewfinder mode, regarding bulb exposure where the exposure timeexceeds 30 seconds.

At timing A5 in FIG. 17, when the release button 168 is deeply pressedand the second switch (SW2) turns on, the system control unit 153controls the control circuit 312. The control circuit 312 drives thestepping motor 19 in the first direction by feedback driving of whichthe advance angle is smaller via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, thestepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in the clockwise direction,and the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the stopped stateillustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C.

When the shutter unit 100 is in the running standby state illustrated inFIGS. 7A through 7C, at timing B5 in FIG. 17 the control circuit 312applies holding electricity to the stepping motor 19 via the drivecircuit 313. Accordingly, the cam gear 15 can be stopped in a state withthe driving spring 18 charged. At this time, the system control unit 153controls the mirror control unit 161 to bring the mirror unit, that wasin the mirror-down state, to the mirror-up state.

When the second switch (SW2) turns on, the charges of the entire face ofthe imaging device 116 are reset at timing A5 in FIG. 17. Thereafter,the imaging device 116 starts the electronic first curtain run from thetiming D5 in FIG. 17, where charges are accumulated one line at a time.

When the system control unit 153 determines that the amount of elapsedtime after the second switch (SW2) has turned on has exceeded thepredetermined time, at timing N5 in FIG. 17, the control circuit 312drives the stepping motor 19 in the second direction by step driving,via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, the stepping motor 19 rotatesthe cam gear 15 in the counterclockwise direction, and the shutter unit100 is made to operate from the running standby state illustrated inFIGS. 7A through 7C to the stopped state illustrated in FIGS. 6A through6C. That is to say, the charge of the driving spring 18 is disengaged,and the stepping motor 19 is stopped.

When the second switch (SW2) turns off thereafter, at timing C5 in FIG.17 the control circuit 312 drives the stepping motor 19 in the seconddirection by step driving, via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, thestepping motor 19 rotates the cam gear 15 in the counterclockwisedirection, and the shutter unit 100 is made to operate from the stoppedstate illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 6C to the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C.

The operations at timing E5 through timing M5 in FIG. 17 are the same asthe operations at timing C2 through timing M2 in FIG. 14, so descriptionwill be omitted.

As described above, when performing bulb exposure where the exposuretime exceeds 30 seconds, charging of the driving spring 18 is disengagedwhile exposing. After the charging of the driving spring 18 isdisengaged, the drive circuit 313 does not apply holding electricity tothe stepping motor 19, so the power consumption of the camera body 101can be reduced. In bulb exposure where the exposure time exceeds 30seconds, the biasing force of the driving spring 18 is not used at thetime of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 starting to close the apertures 1a and 8 a. However, in a case where the exposure time exceeds 30seconds, lower running speed and running stability of the shutter blades4, 5, and 6 do not affect the image quality.

FIG. 18 is a timing chart illustrating still image recording operationsin a case where a long exposure mode has been selected by the mode dial169, and also an exposure time exceeding 30 seconds has been set by thesettings dial 170. Note that a timing chart describing still imagerecording operations in a case where an exposure time of 30 seconds orshorter has been set (predetermined exposure time or shorter) is thesame as the timing charts described with reference to FIGS. 13 through15. When the long exposure mode is selected, the shutter unit 100 ismoved from the opened state to the closed state, after a predeterminedamount of time has elapsed from the second switch (SW2) turning on. Thepredetermined time is set based on the exposure time, and the amount oftime necessary for operations of the shutter unit 100 and imaging device116.

At timing A6 in FIG. 18, when the release button 168 is deeply pressedand the second switch (SW2) turns on, the charges of the entire face ofthe imaging device 116 are reset. Thereafter, the imaging device 116starts the electronic first curtain run from the timing D6 in FIG. 18,where charges are accumulated one line at a time. When the second switch(SW2) turns on, the system control unit 153 controls the mirror controlunit 161 to bring the mirror unit, in the mirror-down state, to themirror-up state.

When the set exposure time has elapsed from the start of the electronicfirst curtain run, at timing C6 in FIG. 18 the control circuit 312drives the stepping motor 19 in the second direction by step driving,via the drive circuit 313. Accordingly, the stepping motor 19 rotatesthe cam gear 15 in the counterclockwise direction, and the shutter unit100 is made to operate from the stopped state illustrated in FIGS. 6Athrough 6C to the free-running state illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8C.

The operations at timing E6 through timing M6 in FIG. 18 are the same asthe operations at timing E2 through timing M2 in FIG. 14, so descriptionwill be omitted.

As described above, when long exposure where the exposure time exceeds30 seconds, biasing force of the driving spring 18 is not used at thetime of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 starting to close the apertures 1a and 8 a. Accordingly, the drive circuit 313 does not apply holdingelectricity to the stepping motor 19, so electric power consumption ofthe camera body 101 can be reduced. In a case where the exposure timeexceeds 30 seconds, lower running speed and running stability of theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 do not affect the image quality.

Environmental Correction of Shutter Unit 100

The operation characteristics of the shutter unit 100 performing runningoperations change depending on the orientation of the camera body 101and the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100. The controlcircuit 312 according to the present embodiment acquires informationrelating to the orientation of the camera body 101 and the environmentin which the shutter unit 100 is used, such as the ambient temperaturearound the shutter unit 100. The control circuit 312 then corrects theoperation characteristics of the shutter unit 100 based on the acquiredinformation.

First, operation characteristics correction of the shutter unit 100according to the orientation of the camera body 101 will be described.

When the orientation of the camera body 101 changes, the direction ofgravity acting on the camera body 101 changes, and the direction ofgravity acting on the shutter unit 100 also changes. Depending on thedirection of gravity acting on the shutter unit 100, the gravity actingon the shutter unit 100 impedes the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 frommoving from the opened state to the closed state. When the shutter unit100 performs running operations, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 movefrom up to down in the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 6through 12C. Even in a state where the shutter unit 100 is attached tothe camera body 101, the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 still move from upto down when the shutter unit 100 performs running operations.

If the camera body 101 is in the normal position (horizontal position),the direction in which the center of gravity of the shutter blades 4, 5,and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 moves generally matches the direction ofgravity acting on the camera body 101 when the shutter unit 100 performsrunning operations. Accordingly, in this orientation, the gravity actingon the shutter unit 100 does not impede the running operations of theshutter unit 100.

If the camera body 101 is in an inverse position where the camera body101 is upside-down, the direction in which the center of gravity of theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 moves generallyopposes the direction of gravity acting on the camera body 101.Accordingly, in this orientation, the gravity acting on the shutter unit100 impedes the running operations of the shutter unit 100.

Driving members of the shutter unit 100 such as the stepping motor 19and cam gear 15 and so forth are attached to the camera body 101 so asto be situated at a grip portion side.

In a case where the camera body 101 is put in the vertical position sothat the grip portion of the camera body 101 is above, the drivingmembers such as the stepping motor 19 and cam gear 15 and so forth aresituated above the apertures 1 a and 8 a.

In this orientation, the blade arms 2 and 3 are above the shutter blades4, 5, and 6. Accordingly, in the initial running operations of theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3, the direction inwhich the center of gravity of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and bladearms 2 and 3 moves generally matches the direction of gravity acting onthe camera body 101. Accordingly, in this orientation, the gravityacting on the shutter unit 100 does not impede the running operations ofthe shutter unit 100.

In a case where the camera body 101 is put in the vertical position sothat the grip portion of the camera body 101 is below, the drivingmembers such as the stepping motor 19 and cam gear 15 and so forth aresituated below the apertures 1 a and 8 a. In this orientation, the bladearms 2 and 3 are below the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6. Accordingly, inthe initial running operations of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 andblade arms 2 and 3, the direction in which the center of gravity of theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 moves generallyopposes the direction of gravity acting on the camera body 101.Accordingly, in this orientation, the gravity acting on the shutter unit100 impedes the running operations of the shutter unit 100.

In an orientation where the interchangeable lens 201 mounted to thecamera body 101 faces upwards or downwards, the sliding resistancebetween the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3, and theshutter base plate 1 and cover plate 8 increase due to the gravityacting on the camera body 101. Accordingly, in this orientation, thegravity acting on the shutter unit 100 impedes the running operations ofthe shutter unit 100.

These points are taken into consideration in the present embodiment tocorrect the operation characteristics of the shutter unit 100 accordingto the orientation of the camera body 101.

The orientation sensor 172 according to the present embodiment detectsthe direction of gravity acting on the camera body 101 at apredetermined cycle, and outputs to the control circuit 312. The controlcircuit 312 determines the orientation of the camera body 101 based onthe information regarding direction of gravity. Each time theorientation of the camera body 101 is determined, the control circuit312 executes correction of operation characteristics of the shutter unit100, based on the table illustrated in FIG. 19A.

FIG. 19A is an example of a table for correcting operationcharacteristics of the shutter unit 100 depending on the orientation ofthe camera body 101.

The timings (C1 through C6) of driving the stepping motor 19 from therunning standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C is adjusteddepending on the orientation of the camera body 101, as illustrated inFIG. 19A. The timings (C1 through C6) of driving the stepping motor 19from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C areequivalent to examples of a driving start timing in the presentinvention.

The driving pulses for driving the stepping motor 19 from the state ofhaving started running, illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the stateimmediately after ending running, illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C,are adjusted according to the orientation of the camera body 101, asillustrated in FIG. 19A.

In a case where determination is made that the camera body 101 is in thenormal position, the gravity acting on the shutter unit 100 does notimpede the running operations of the shutter unit 100. Accordingly, thetiming for driving the stepping motor 19 from the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C is not adjusted, and neither is thefrequency of driving pulses for driving the stepping motor 19 from thestate of having started running illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, tothe state immediately after ending running illustrated in FIGS. 11Athrough 11C, adjusted.

In a case where determination is made that the camera body 101 is in theinverse position, the timing to start running is delayed for the shutterblades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 by the gravity acting on thecamera body 101, and the running speed of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6and blade arms 2 and 3 falls. Accordingly, the timing for driving thestepping motor 19 from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7Athrough 7C is quickened by a time T11, and the frequency of the drivingpulses for driving the stepping motor 19 from the state of havingstarted running illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the stateimmediately after ending running illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C,are raised by a frequency F11.

In a case where determination is made that the orientation of the gripportion of the camera body 101 is up, the gravity acting on the shutterunit 100 does not impede the running operations of the shutter unit 100.Accordingly, the timing for driving the stepping motor 19 from therunning standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C is notadjusted, and neither is the frequency of the driving pulses for drivingthe stepping motor 19 from the state of having started runningillustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the state immediately afterending running illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, adjusted.

In a case where determination is made that the orientation of the gripportion of the camera body 101 is down, the timing to start running isdelayed for the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 by thegravity acting on the camera body 101. However, in this case, therunning speed of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3does not fall. Accordingly, the timing for driving the stepping motor 19from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C isquickened by a time T13, but the frequency of the driving pulses fordriving the stepping motor 19 from the state of having started runningillustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the state immediately afterending running illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, is not adjusted.

In a case where determination is made that orientation is such that themounted interchangeable lens 201 is facing upwards, the timing to startrunning is delayed for the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2and 3 by the gravity acting on camera body 101. In this case, therunning speed of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3falls. The timing for driving the stepping motor 19 from the runningstandby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C is quickened by a timeT14, and the frequency of the driving pulses for driving the steppingmotor 19 from the state of having started running illustrated in FIGS.9A through 9C, to the state immediately after ending running illustratedin FIGS. 11A through. 11C, is raised by a frequency F14.

In a case where determination is made that orientation is such that themounted interchangeable lens 201 is facing upwards, the timing to startrunning is delayed for the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2and 3 by the gravity acting on the camera body 101. Moreover, in thiscase, the running speed of the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms2 and 3 falls. Accordingly, the timing for driving the stepping motor 19from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C isquickened by a time T15, and the frequency of the driving pulses fordriving the stepping motor 19 from the state of having started runningillustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the state immediately afterending running illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, is raised by afrequency F15.

Next, correction of the operation characteristics of the shutter unit100 according to the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100will be described.

When the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100 is a lowtemperature, the lubricant such a grease used for the sliding portionsof the shutter unit 100 hardens, and resistance due to the lubricantincreases. Accordingly, the timing to start running is delayed for theshutter blades 4, 5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 by the gravity actingon the shutter unit 100, and the running speed of the shutter blades 4,5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 falls.

On the other hand, when the ambient temperature around the shutter unit100 is a high temperature, the lubricant such a grease used for thesliding portions of the shutter unit 100 softens, and resistance due tothe lubricant decreases, but precision of the shape of parts formed ofsynthetic resin deteriorates due to thermal expansion. Accordingly, thetiming to start running is delayed for the shutter blades 4, 5, and 6and blade arms 2 and 3, but the running speed of the shutter blades 4,5, and 6 and blade arms 2 and 3 increases due to the softening of thelubricant.

These points are taken into consideration in the present embodiment tocorrect the operation characteristics of the shutter unit 100 accordingto the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100.

The temperature sensor 171 detects the ambient temperature around theshutter unit 100 at a predetermined cycle and outputs to the controlcircuit 312, in the present embodiment. The control circuit 312 correctsthe operation characteristics of the shutter unit 100 based on the tableillustrated in FIG. 19B, each time the ambient temperature around theshutter unit 100 is detected.

FIG. 19B is an example of a table for correcting operationcharacteristics of the shutter unit 100 depending on the ambienttemperature around the shutter unit 100.

In a case where the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100,detected by the temperature sensor 171 is in a range of 0° or higher butlower than 40°, the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100 iswithin a designed standard temperature range. Accordingly, the timingfor driving the stepping motor 19 from the running standby stateillustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C is not adjusted, and neither is thefrequency of the driving pulses for driving the stepping motor 19 fromthe state of having started running illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C,to the state immediately after ending running illustrated in FIGS. 11Athrough 11C, adjusted.

In a case where the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100,detected by the temperature sensor 171 is below 0°, the shutter unit 100is in a low temperature environment below the predetermined temperaturerange. Accordingly, the timing for driving the stepping motor 19 fromthe running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C isquickened by a time T21, and the frequency of the driving pulses fordriving the stepping motor 19 from the state of having started runningillustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the state immediately afterending running illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, is raised by afrequency F21.

In a case where the ambient temperature around the shutter unit 100,detected by the temperature sensor 171 exceeds 40°, the shutter unit 100is in a high temperature environment exceeding the predeterminedtemperature range. Accordingly, the timing for driving the steppingmotor 19 from the running standby state illustrated in FIGS. 7A through7C is quickened by a time T22, and the frequency of the driving pulsesfor driving the stepping motor 19 from the state of having startedrunning illustrated in FIGS. 9A through 9C, to the state immediatelyafter ending running illustrated in FIGS. 11A through 11C, is reduced bya frequency F22.

Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has beendescribed, the present invention is not restricted to these embodiments,and various modifications and alterations may be made within the scopeof the essence thereof.

According to the present invention, electric power consumption of theimaging apparatus can be reduced.

While the present invention has been described with reference toexemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is notlimited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of thefollowing claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as toencompass all such modifications and equivalent structures andfunctions.

This application claims the benefit of International Patent ApplicationNo. PCT/JP2015/057514, filed Mar. 13, 2015, which is hereby incorporatedby reference herein in its entirety.

1. An imaging apparatus comprising: a motor; a control unit to controldriving of the motor; a cam member on which a cam portion is formed, anddriven by the motor; a light-shielding member on which an engagingportion that engages the cam portion is formed, and is movable between aclosed state where an aperture is closed and an opened state where theaperture is opened in conjunction with the cam member being driven; anda biasing member to bias the cam member, wherein an exposure operationis started based on a first operation, and the light-shielding member ismoved from the opened state to the closed state based on a secondoperation performed after the first operation has been performed,wherein the cam portion is provided with a first zone where thelight-shielding member maintains the closed state or the opened stateeven if the cam member is driven by the motor, and a second zone wherethe light-shielding member moves from the closed state to the openedstate or from the opened state to the closed state if the cam member isdriven by the motor, wherein the first zone and the second zone areprovided to the cam portion such that, at the time of the cam memberbeing driven in one direction, the engaging portion follows through thefirst zone, and thereafter the engaging portion follows through thesecond zone, wherein the control unit drives the motor in the firstdirection based on the first operation, whereby the cam member chargesthe biasing member, and thereafter the control unit controls driving ofthe motor so as to stop the cam member in the state where the biasingmember is charged, wherein in a case where the second operation isperformed within a predetermined amount of time after the firstoperation has been performed, the control unit drives the motor in asecond direction that is the opposite direction to the first directionbased on the second operation, whereby the cam member is driven bybiasing force of the biasing member and driving force of the motor, theengaging portion follows through the first zone, and thereafter theengaging portion follows through the second zone by the control unitdriving the motor in the second direction, and wherein, in a case wherethe second operation is not performed even if a predetermined amount oftime elapses after the first operation has been performed, the controlunit drives the motor in the second direction, whereby the cam member isdriven by biasing force of the biasing member and driving force of themotor until the charge of the biasing member is disengaged, the drivingof the motor by the control unit is stopped, and the control unit drivesthe motor in the second direction based on the second operation, wherebythe cam member is driven by the driving force of the motor, the engagingportion follows through the first zone, and thereafter the control unitdrives the motor in the second direction, whereby the engaging memberfollows through the second zone.
 2. An imaging apparatus comprising: amotor; control unit to control driving of the motor; a cam member onwhich a cam portion is formed, and driven by the motor; alight-shielding member on which an engaging portion that engages the camportion is formed, and is movable between a closed state where anaperture is closed and an opened, state where the aperture is opened inconjunction with the cam member being driven; and a biasing member tobias the cam member; and wherein an exposure operation is started, basedon a first operation, and the light-shielding member is moved from theopened state to the closed state after a predetermined amount of timehas elapsed after the first operation has been performed, wherein thecam portion is provided with a first zone where the light-shieldingmember maintains the closed state or the opened state even if the cammember is driven by the motor, and a second zone where thelight-shielding member moves from the closed state to the opened stateor from the opened, state to the closed, state if the cam member isdriven by the motor, wherein the first zone and the second zone areprovided to the cam portion such that, at the time of the cam memberbeing driven, in one direction, the engaging portion follows through thefirst zone, and thereafter the engaging portion follows through thesecond zone, wherein, in a case where the set exposure time is equal toor shorter than a predetermined exposure time, the control unit drivesthe motor in the first direction, whereby the cam member charges thebiasing member so that the light-shielding member goes from the openedstate to the closed state after the set exposure time from starting theexposure operation has elapsed, and thereafter the control unit drivesthe motor in a second direction that is the opposite direction to thefirst direction, whereby the cam member is driven by biasing force ofthe biasing member and driving force of the motor and the engagingportion follows through the first zone, and further thereafter, thecontrol unit drives the motor in the second direction, whereby theengaging portion follows through the second zone, and wherein, in a casewhere the set exposure time exceeds the predetermined exposure time, thecam member is driven by the driving force of the motor without the cam.member charging the biasing member, the engaging portion follows throughthe first zone, and thereafter the control unit drives the motor in thesecond direction, whereby the engaging portion follows through thesecond zone.
 3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein themotor is a stepping motor that can be driven in an open-loop drivingmode where the control unit switches a conduction state of a coil inaccordance with a predetermined time interval, and driven in a feedbackdriving mode where the control unit switches the conduction state of thecoil in accordance with a rotational position of a rotor of the steppingmotor, wherein, in a case of driving the cam member such that the cammember charges the biasing member, the control unit drives the steppingmotor in the first direction in the feedback driving mode, wherein, in acase of driving the cam member by the biasing force of the biasingmember and the driving force of the stepping motor, the control unitdrives the stepping motor in the second direction in the open-loopdriving mode, and wherein, in a case of driving the cam member so thatthe engaging member follows through the second zone, the control unitdrives the stepping motor in the second direction in the feedbackdriving mode.